Pronoun

Pronoun

 

Pronoun atau Kata Ganti adalah kata dalam Bahasa Inggris yang berfungsi sebagai kata pengganti kata benda untuk menghindari pengulangan kata atau untuk memberikan penjelasan apabila kata benda sebelumnya dirasakan kurang jelas.

Berikutini beberapa jenis dari pronoun:

• Subjective Personal Pronouns    : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai pelaku / subject dalam kalimat tersebut. (I, you,we,they,he,she,it)
• Objective Personal Pronouns      : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai yang diperlakukan / object dalam kalimat tersebut. (me, you, us, them, him, her,it)
• Possessive Personal Pronouns   : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai pemilik dari kata benda yang mengikutinya dalam kalimat tersebut. (my, your, our, their, his, her,its)
• Demonstrative Pronouns             : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai penunjuk kata benda dalam kalimat tersebut.

                        Tunggal     Jamak

       

       Dekat         This          These

       Jauh           That         Those

• Interrogative Pronouns               : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai kata tanya dalam kalimat tersebut. Interrogative Pronouns adalah who, what, which, atau dapat di gabungkan dengan akhiran "ever" menjadi whoever, whomever, whatever, atau whichever.

        Who, whom dan (kadang-kadang) "which" digunakan untuk menanyakan seseorang,     sedangkan what dan which digunakan untuk menanyakan benda atau binatang. contoh :

Who wrote the novel Rockbound?

Whom do you think we should invite?

What did she say?

• Relative Pronouns                           : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai penyambung prase dalam kalimat.(who, whom,that,which) Misalnya :

The candidate who wins the greatest popular vote is not always elected.

The crate which was left in the corridor has now been moved into the storage closet

• Indefinite Pronouns                          : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai kata ganti yang menunjukan jumlah tertentu.("all," "another," "any," "anybody," "anyone," "anything," "each," "everybody," "everyone," "everything," "few," "many," "nobody," "none," "one," "several," "some," "somebody," and "someone.") Misalnya :

Many were invited to the lunch but only twelve showed up

We donated everything we found in the attic to the woman's shelter garage sale.

Give a registration package to each.

• Reflexive Pronouns                         : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai kata ganti yang merujuk kembali pada subjectnya. (myself, yourself, themself, ourself, herself, himself). Contoh :

Diabetics give themselves insulin shots several times a day.

The Dean often does the photocopying herself so that the secretaries can do more important work.

After the party, I asked myself why I had faxed invitations to everyone in my office building.

Richard usually remembered to send a copy of his e-mail tohimself.

Although the landlord promised to paint the apartment, we ended up doing it ourselves.

Grammar

Pronoun ( Kata Ganti )

Pronoun

 

Pronoun atau Kata Ganti adalah kata dalam Bahasa Inggris yang berfungsi sebagai kata pengganti kata benda untuk menghindari pengulangan kata atau untuk memberikan penjelasan apabila kata benda sebelumnya dirasakan kurang jelas.

Berikutini beberapa jenis dari pronoun:

• Subjective Personal Pronouns    : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai pelaku / subject dalam kalimat tersebut. (I, you,we,they,he,she,it)
• Objective Personal Pronouns      : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai yang diperlakukan / object dalam kalimat tersebut. (me, you, us, them, him, her,it)
• Possessive Personal Pronouns   : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai pemilik dari kata benda yang mengikutinya dalam kalimat tersebut. (my, your, our, their, his, her,its)
• Demonstrative Pronouns             : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai penunjuk kata benda dalam kalimat tersebut.

                        Tunggal     Jamak

       

       Dekat         This          These

       Jauh           That         Those

• Interrogative Pronouns               : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai kata tanya dalam kalimat tersebut. Interrogative Pronouns adalah who, what, which, atau dapat di gabungkan dengan akhiran "ever" menjadi whoever, whomever, whatever, atau whichever.

        Who, whom dan (kadang-kadang) "which" digunakan untuk menanyakan seseorang,     sedangkan what dan which digunakan untuk menanyakan benda atau binatang. contoh :

Who wrote the novel Rockbound?

Whom do you think we should invite?

What did she say?

• Relative Pronouns                           : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai penyambung prase dalam kalimat.(who, whom,that,which) Misalnya :

The candidate who wins the greatest popular vote is not always elected.

The crate which was left in the corridor has now been moved into the storage closet

• Indefinite Pronouns                          : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai kata ganti yang menunjukan jumlah tertentu.("all," "another," "any," "anybody," "anyone," "anything," "each," "everybody," "everyone," "everything," "few," "many," "nobody," "none," "one," "several," "some," "somebody," and "someone.") Misalnya :

Many were invited to the lunch but only twelve showed up

We donated everything we found in the attic to the woman's shelter garage sale.

Give a registration package to each.

• Reflexive Pronouns                         : Kata Ganti yang menunjukan kata ganti tersebut berperan sebagai kata ganti yang merujuk kembali pada subjectnya. (myself, yourself, themself, ourself, herself, himself). Contoh :

Diabetics give themselves insulin shots several times a day.

The Dean often does the photocopying herself so that the secretaries can do more important work.

After the party, I asked myself why I had faxed invitations to everyone in my office building.

Richard usually remembered to send a copy of his e-mail tohimself.

Although the landlord promised to paint the apartment, we ended up doing it ourselves.

Pengertian dan jenis Verb

Pengertian dan jenis Verb

 

Verbs (kata kerja) adalah kata yang menunjukkan nama perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh subyek, namun mungkin juga untuk menunjukkan keadaan. Verbs biasanya menjadi Predikat dari suatu kalimat.

Contoh:

• Henry comes from London.
• My brother studies in America.
• She is very beautiful.
• They are diligent.

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Macam-macam Kata Kerja

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1. Finite Verb (Kata Kerja Biasa)

Ciri-ciri Kata Kerja Jenis ini adalah sebagai berikut:

• Bila dipakai dalam kalimat tanya dan negative perlu memakai kata kerja bantu do, does atau did.
• Bentuknya dapat berubah-ubah oleh tense.
• Biasanya mempunyai bentuk-bentuk:
• Infinitive
• Present Participle
• Gerund
• Past Tense
• Present Tense
• Past Participle

Contoh:

• Ms. Anne reads a novel. (Infinitive)
• Ms. Anne is reading a novel. (Present Participle)
• Does Ms. Anne read a novel?
• Ms. Anne read a novel. (Past Tense)
• Ms. Anne has read a novel. (Past Participle)

2. Auxiliary Verbs (Kata Kerja Bantu) 

Yaitu kata kerja yang digunakan bersama-sama dengan kata kerja lain untuk menyatakantindakan atau keadaan, atau berfungsi untuk melengkapi fungsi gramatikal.

Kata Kerja Auxiliary adalah:

• Is, am, are
• Was, were
• Do, does, did
• Has, have, had
• Can, could
• May, might
• Will, would
• Shall, should
• Must
• Ought to
• Had better
• Need, Dare (Dapat juga berfungsi sebagai Kata Kerja Biasa)

3. Linking Verbs (Kata Kerja Penghubung)

Yaitu kata kerja yang berfungsi menghubungkan antara subject dengan complement-nya. Kata yang dihubungkan dengan subject tersebut dinamakan subject complement. Jika kata Kerja Penghubung tersebut kita gantikan dengan be (am, is, are, was, dll.), maka maknanya tidak berubah.

Linking Verbs yang umum adalah:

• be (am, is, are, was, dll.)
• look
• stay
• appear
• become        
• remain
• taste
• feel    
• seem  
• smell
• grow  
• sound

Contoh:

• The actress is beautiful.
• Alex looks serious. (= Alex is serious).
• The cakes smell delicious (=the cakes are delicious).

4. Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja Yang Membutuhkan Objek)

Yaitu kata kerja yang memerlukan object untuk menyempurnakan arti kalimat atau melengkapi makna kalimat.

Kata kerja Transitive diantaranya adalah: Drink, watch, read, fill, open, close, dll

Contoh:

• He watches the film. (Kalimat ini tidak akan lengkap, jika "the film" kita hilangkan. Orang lain akan bertanya-tanya - menonton apa?, maka watch (menonton) membutuhkan object agar makna kalimat tersebut dapat dipahami).
• The man cuts the tree.

5. Intransitive Verbs (Kata Kerja Yang Tidak Membutuhkan Objek)

Yaitu adalah kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan obyek, karena sudah dapat dipahami dengan sempurna makna kalimat tersebut.

Kata-kata kerja yang termasuk Intransitive verbs diantaranya adalah: Shine, come, sit, boil, sleep, fall, cry, dll.

Contoh:

• The baby cries.
• My mother is sleeping.
• The water boils.

Catatan:

• Ada juga beberapa kata kerja yang dapat berfungsi sebagai transitive maupun intransitive verbs.

Contoh:

• He drops his bottles. (transitif)
• The rain drops from the sky. (intransitif)
• The contestants still misunderstood then. (transitif)
• The contestants still misunderstood. (intransitif)
• They grow the rubber trees. (transitif)
• Rice grows in the fertile soil. (intransitif)

Ada beberapa verb intransitive yang memakai Objective Noun yang mempunyai satu kesatuan makna dengan kata kerjanya. Objeknya disebut Cognate Object.

Contoh:

• He played the fool.                   (Dia bermain gila-gilaan).
• He laughs a hard laugh.            (Dia tertawa lebar).
• He slept a sound sleep.            (Dia tidur nyenyak).
• He died a miserable death.       (Dia mati melarat).

Ada beberapa verb transitive dan intransitive walaupun sudah mempunyai object tetapi artinya belum sempuma sebelum ditambah kata-kata lain.

Kata Kerja jenis ini diantaranya adalah: make, name, call, find, declare, suppose, consider, bring, give, appoint, seen, hear, dll.

Contoh:

• I will make you happy.
• I appoint him to be my assistant.

Ada juga kata kerja yang mempunyai pola sebagai berikut:

• Kata Kerja + Preposition + Object
• Kata Kerja + Preposition + Kata Kerja-ing

Contoh:

• We talked about the problem.
• She felt sorry for coming late.

Kata-kata kerja untuk pola kedua diantaranya adalah: succeed in, think about/of, dream of, dream about, approve of, look forward to, insist on, decide against, angry with, sorry for, thanks for, dll.

Ada juga Kata Kerja tertentu yang mempunyai pola sebagai berikut:

• Kata Kerja + Object + Preposition + Kata Kerja-ing

Contoh:

• They accused me of telling lies.
• Do you suspect the man of being a spy?
• I congratulated Bob on passing the exam.
• What prevented him from coming to the party?
• I thanked her for being so helpful.

6. Regular & Irregular Verbs 

Regular Verb adalah kata kerja yang dapat berubah-ubah sesuai dengan bentuk tense; dan perubahan bentuk kata kerja itu secara teratur.

Contoh perubahan Kata Kerja jenis ini adalah:

• Call - called - called
• Admit - admitted - admitted
• Submit - submitted - submitted
• Invite - invited - invited

Irregular Verb adalah kata kerja yang mempunyai fungsi sama dengan regular verb, tetapi perubahan bentuk kata kerja ini secara tidak teratur.

Contoh perubahan kata kerja jenis ini adalah:

• Read - Read - Read
• Come - came - come
• Begin - began - begun
• Sleep - slept - slept

Sumber : Ismailmidi

Grammar

Verbs ( Kata Kerja )

Pengertian dan jenis Verb

 

Verbs (kata kerja) adalah kata yang menunjukkan nama perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh subyek, namun mungkin juga untuk menunjukkan keadaan. Verbs biasanya menjadi Predikat dari suatu kalimat.

Contoh:

• Henry comes from London.
• My brother studies in America.
• She is very beautiful.
• They are diligent.

---

Macam-macam Kata Kerja

---

1. Finite Verb (Kata Kerja Biasa)

Ciri-ciri Kata Kerja Jenis ini adalah sebagai berikut:

• Bila dipakai dalam kalimat tanya dan negative perlu memakai kata kerja bantu do, does atau did.
• Bentuknya dapat berubah-ubah oleh tense.
• Biasanya mempunyai bentuk-bentuk:
• Infinitive
• Present Participle
• Gerund
• Past Tense
• Present Tense
• Past Participle

Contoh:

• Ms. Anne reads a novel. (Infinitive)
• Ms. Anne is reading a novel. (Present Participle)
• Does Ms. Anne read a novel?
• Ms. Anne read a novel. (Past Tense)
• Ms. Anne has read a novel. (Past Participle)

2. Auxiliary Verbs (Kata Kerja Bantu) 

Yaitu kata kerja yang digunakan bersama-sama dengan kata kerja lain untuk menyatakantindakan atau keadaan, atau berfungsi untuk melengkapi fungsi gramatikal.

Kata Kerja Auxiliary adalah:

• Is, am, are
• Was, were
• Do, does, did
• Has, have, had
• Can, could
• May, might
• Will, would
• Shall, should
• Must
• Ought to
• Had better
• Need, Dare (Dapat juga berfungsi sebagai Kata Kerja Biasa)

3. Linking Verbs (Kata Kerja Penghubung)

Yaitu kata kerja yang berfungsi menghubungkan antara subject dengan complement-nya. Kata yang dihubungkan dengan subject tersebut dinamakan subject complement. Jika kata Kerja Penghubung tersebut kita gantikan dengan be (am, is, are, was, dll.), maka maknanya tidak berubah.

Linking Verbs yang umum adalah:

• be (am, is, are, was, dll.)
• look
• stay
• appear
• become        
• remain
• taste
• feel    
• seem  
• smell
• grow  
• sound

Contoh:

• The actress is beautiful.
• Alex looks serious. (= Alex is serious).
• The cakes smell delicious (=the cakes are delicious).

4. Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja Yang Membutuhkan Objek)

Yaitu kata kerja yang memerlukan object untuk menyempurnakan arti kalimat atau melengkapi makna kalimat.

Kata kerja Transitive diantaranya adalah: Drink, watch, read, fill, open, close, dll

Contoh:

• He watches the film. (Kalimat ini tidak akan lengkap, jika "the film" kita hilangkan. Orang lain akan bertanya-tanya - menonton apa?, maka watch (menonton) membutuhkan object agar makna kalimat tersebut dapat dipahami).
• The man cuts the tree.

5. Intransitive Verbs (Kata Kerja Yang Tidak Membutuhkan Objek)

Yaitu adalah kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan obyek, karena sudah dapat dipahami dengan sempurna makna kalimat tersebut.

Kata-kata kerja yang termasuk Intransitive verbs diantaranya adalah: Shine, come, sit, boil, sleep, fall, cry, dll.

Contoh:

• The baby cries.
• My mother is sleeping.
• The water boils.

Catatan:

• Ada juga beberapa kata kerja yang dapat berfungsi sebagai transitive maupun intransitive verbs.

Contoh:

• He drops his bottles. (transitif)
• The rain drops from the sky. (intransitif)
• The contestants still misunderstood then. (transitif)
• The contestants still misunderstood. (intransitif)
• They grow the rubber trees. (transitif)
• Rice grows in the fertile soil. (intransitif)

Ada beberapa verb intransitive yang memakai Objective Noun yang mempunyai satu kesatuan makna dengan kata kerjanya. Objeknya disebut Cognate Object.

Contoh:

• He played the fool.                   (Dia bermain gila-gilaan).
• He laughs a hard laugh.            (Dia tertawa lebar).
• He slept a sound sleep.            (Dia tidur nyenyak).
• He died a miserable death.       (Dia mati melarat).

Ada beberapa verb transitive dan intransitive walaupun sudah mempunyai object tetapi artinya belum sempuma sebelum ditambah kata-kata lain.

Kata Kerja jenis ini diantaranya adalah: make, name, call, find, declare, suppose, consider, bring, give, appoint, seen, hear, dll.

Contoh:

• I will make you happy.
• I appoint him to be my assistant.

Ada juga kata kerja yang mempunyai pola sebagai berikut:

• Kata Kerja + Preposition + Object
• Kata Kerja + Preposition + Kata Kerja-ing

Contoh:

• We talked about the problem.
• She felt sorry for coming late.

Kata-kata kerja untuk pola kedua diantaranya adalah: succeed in, think about/of, dream of, dream about, approve of, look forward to, insist on, decide against, angry with, sorry for, thanks for, dll.

Ada juga Kata Kerja tertentu yang mempunyai pola sebagai berikut:

• Kata Kerja + Object + Preposition + Kata Kerja-ing

Contoh:

• They accused me of telling lies.
• Do you suspect the man of being a spy?
• I congratulated Bob on passing the exam.
• What prevented him from coming to the party?
• I thanked her for being so helpful.

6. Regular & Irregular Verbs 

Regular Verb adalah kata kerja yang dapat berubah-ubah sesuai dengan bentuk tense; dan perubahan bentuk kata kerja itu secara teratur.

Contoh perubahan Kata Kerja jenis ini adalah:

• Call - called - called
• Admit - admitted - admitted
• Submit - submitted - submitted
• Invite - invited - invited

Irregular Verb adalah kata kerja yang mempunyai fungsi sama dengan regular verb, tetapi perubahan bentuk kata kerja ini secara tidak teratur.

Contoh perubahan kata kerja jenis ini adalah:

• Read - Read - Read
• Come - came - come
• Begin - began - begun
• Sleep - slept - slept

Sumber : Ismailmidi

Setiap buku grammar, baik buku grammar termudah ataupun buku grammar tersulit, pasti pembahasan mengenai noun harus adanya. Oleh karena itu pembahsan mengenai fungsi dan Jenis noun dalam grammar begitu penting. Langsung saja, saya akan membahas tentang jenis-jenis noun. Untuk urusan ini, buku Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide karya Marcellla Frank sebagai acuan, mungkin gara-gara hanya buku ini yang telah membantu saya menemukan jawaban bahwa Grammar itu mudah (Padahal cuma buku ini saja yang saya punya :)).

Menurut Frank (1972:6-9) noun diklasifikasikani menjadi dua macam;

(1) Berdasarkan makna, dan
(2) berdasarkan bentuk.

Dari kedua kategori tersebut noun kemudian dibagi-bagi kembali menjadi bermacam-macam, memang banyak sekali pembagian noun tersebut, karena itu Frank menganggap bahwa sangat penting kita memahaminya agar tidak terjadi kekeliruan dalam memahami Grammar. Berikut saya mencoba mengadaptasi penjelasan Frank terebut:

Types of Nouns:

1.       Classified by Meaning

Proper Nouns

Proper noun selalu diawali dengan huruf kapital (HURUF BESAR, hehe kali ja ga ngerti) ketika ditulis, seperti nama-nama orang, nama-nama unit geografi—gunung, laut, bukit, sungai, danau dsb—, nama-nama agama, nama-nama kebangsaan—suku, ras dll—, nama-nama hari libur, nama-nama unit waktu—January, Februari, Senin, Selasa dll.Untuk jalan-jalan sekaligus melihat contoh-contoh proper noun bisa dilihat disini.

Common Nouns

Common noun adalah kebalikan dari proper noun (jika bingung: pokoknya yang ga terdaftar sebagai bagian proper noun), penulisannya tidak wajib dengan huruf kapital kecuali jika berada pada awal kalimat.

Contoh:

I put the book on the table

Kata book dan table tidak diawali huruf kapital karena bukan salah satu nama orang, nama gunung, apalagi nama hari. (kali ja ga paham)

Concrete Nouns

Concrete nouns adalah kata benda yang dapat dirasakan oleh panca indra, kita bisa menyentuhnya, melihatnya, bahkan mencium baunya. Contoh: Laptop, Flower, pen, pencil dll.

Abstract Nouns

Absract nouns adalah sebuah konsep yang tak bisa dilihat, disentuh apalagi dicium. Seperti: Justice (keadilan), beauty (keindahan), freedom (kebebasan) dll. Apa sobat-sobit bisa menyentuh kebebasan? (saya sih pernah hehe, dipenjara kali ya?)

Countable Nouns

Countable noun atau benda yang dapat dihitung, dalam bahasa inggris biasanya ditambah akhiran sagar bisa dijadikan jamak. Contoh: book menjadi books. Mungkin ini ciri yang paling melekat pada countable nouns meskipun masih ada jenis countable noun yang TIDAK BOLEH diberi akhiran s.Seperti kata child, jika dijadikan jamak maka akan menjadi children.  Perubahan tersebut karena Child adalah salah satu jenis irregular plural noun

Uncountable Nouns

Berbeda dengan countable nouns, uncountable noun tidak memiliki bentuk jamak. Maka jangan sekali-kali menambahkan akhiran s pada jenis noun yang ini. Banyak sekali contoh uncountable noun, seperti coffee, sugar, iron, furniture. Dll.

Collective Nouns

Collective noun adalah sebuah kata yang ditunjukkan untuk sebuah kumpulan manusia, binatang ataupun benda lainnya yang dianggap sebagai satu kesatuan. Contoh: class, committee, crew, enemy, faculty, family dll.

2.       Classified by Form

Noun Compounds

Tidak usah lama-lama menjelaskan yang satu ini, intinya noun compound adalah gabungan kata dimana noun sebagai inti gabungan kata tersebut (sebut saja noun phrase)

Adjective Forms Used as Nouns

Emang ada ya adjective difungsikan sebagai noun? Jawabannya ada. Cirinya jika ada article The terus diikuti dengan sebuah adjective lalu tidak diikuti dengan noun, maka itulah adjective yang difungsikan sebagai noun.

Contoh:

The rich grow richer, the poor grow poorer.

Kata rich dan poor pada dasarnya adalah adjective, namun karena diawali dengan the dan tidak ada noun setelahnya, maka adjective tersebut sudah beralih profesi sebagai noun.

Verb Forms Used as Nouns

Jika diatas adjective yang digunakan sebagai noun, maka sekarang verb yang digunakan sebagai nouns. Cirinya mudah saja, jika ada kata kerja berada pada posisi subyek ataupun objek, maka itulah verb yang difungsikan sebagai noun. Istilah tenarnya Gerund. Contoh:

Writing a love letter is easy.

Kata writing pada dasarnya adalah kata kerja, namun karena posisinya sebagai subjek, maka kata kerja tersebut sudah berkhianat menjadi nouns.

Demikian dulu Referensi Belajar Bahasa Inggris kali ini, jika ada yang kesulitan bisa bareng-bareng diskusi. Oke broth and sist..

Grammar

Noun (Kata Benda)

Setiap buku grammar, baik buku grammar termudah ataupun buku grammar tersulit, pasti pembahasan mengenai noun harus adanya. Oleh karena itu pembahsan mengenai fungsi dan Jenis noun dalam grammar begitu penting. Langsung saja, saya akan membahas tentang jenis-jenis noun. Untuk urusan ini, buku Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide karya Marcellla Frank sebagai acuan, mungkin gara-gara hanya buku ini yang telah membantu saya menemukan jawaban bahwa Grammar itu mudah (Padahal cuma buku ini saja yang saya punya :)).

Menurut Frank (1972:6-9) noun diklasifikasikani menjadi dua macam;

(1) Berdasarkan makna, dan
(2) berdasarkan bentuk.

Dari kedua kategori tersebut noun kemudian dibagi-bagi kembali menjadi bermacam-macam, memang banyak sekali pembagian noun tersebut, karena itu Frank menganggap bahwa sangat penting kita memahaminya agar tidak terjadi kekeliruan dalam memahami Grammar. Berikut saya mencoba mengadaptasi penjelasan Frank terebut:

Types of Nouns:

1.       Classified by Meaning

Proper Nouns

Proper noun selalu diawali dengan huruf kapital (HURUF BESAR, hehe kali ja ga ngerti) ketika ditulis, seperti nama-nama orang, nama-nama unit geografi—gunung, laut, bukit, sungai, danau dsb—, nama-nama agama, nama-nama kebangsaan—suku, ras dll—, nama-nama hari libur, nama-nama unit waktu—January, Februari, Senin, Selasa dll.Untuk jalan-jalan sekaligus melihat contoh-contoh proper noun bisa dilihat disini.

Common Nouns

Common noun adalah kebalikan dari proper noun (jika bingung: pokoknya yang ga terdaftar sebagai bagian proper noun), penulisannya tidak wajib dengan huruf kapital kecuali jika berada pada awal kalimat.

Contoh:

I put the book on the table

Kata book dan table tidak diawali huruf kapital karena bukan salah satu nama orang, nama gunung, apalagi nama hari. (kali ja ga paham)

Concrete Nouns

Concrete nouns adalah kata benda yang dapat dirasakan oleh panca indra, kita bisa menyentuhnya, melihatnya, bahkan mencium baunya. Contoh: Laptop, Flower, pen, pencil dll.

Abstract Nouns

Absract nouns adalah sebuah konsep yang tak bisa dilihat, disentuh apalagi dicium. Seperti: Justice (keadilan), beauty (keindahan), freedom (kebebasan) dll. Apa sobat-sobit bisa menyentuh kebebasan? (saya sih pernah hehe, dipenjara kali ya?)

Countable Nouns

Countable noun atau benda yang dapat dihitung, dalam bahasa inggris biasanya ditambah akhiran sagar bisa dijadikan jamak. Contoh: book menjadi books. Mungkin ini ciri yang paling melekat pada countable nouns meskipun masih ada jenis countable noun yang TIDAK BOLEH diberi akhiran s.Seperti kata child, jika dijadikan jamak maka akan menjadi children.  Perubahan tersebut karena Child adalah salah satu jenis irregular plural noun

Uncountable Nouns

Berbeda dengan countable nouns, uncountable noun tidak memiliki bentuk jamak. Maka jangan sekali-kali menambahkan akhiran s pada jenis noun yang ini. Banyak sekali contoh uncountable noun, seperti coffee, sugar, iron, furniture. Dll.

Collective Nouns

Collective noun adalah sebuah kata yang ditunjukkan untuk sebuah kumpulan manusia, binatang ataupun benda lainnya yang dianggap sebagai satu kesatuan. Contoh: class, committee, crew, enemy, faculty, family dll.

2.       Classified by Form

Noun Compounds

Tidak usah lama-lama menjelaskan yang satu ini, intinya noun compound adalah gabungan kata dimana noun sebagai inti gabungan kata tersebut (sebut saja noun phrase)

Adjective Forms Used as Nouns

Emang ada ya adjective difungsikan sebagai noun? Jawabannya ada. Cirinya jika ada article The terus diikuti dengan sebuah adjective lalu tidak diikuti dengan noun, maka itulah adjective yang difungsikan sebagai noun.

Contoh:

The rich grow richer, the poor grow poorer.

Kata rich dan poor pada dasarnya adalah adjective, namun karena diawali dengan the dan tidak ada noun setelahnya, maka adjective tersebut sudah beralih profesi sebagai noun.

Verb Forms Used as Nouns

Jika diatas adjective yang digunakan sebagai noun, maka sekarang verb yang digunakan sebagai nouns. Cirinya mudah saja, jika ada kata kerja berada pada posisi subyek ataupun objek, maka itulah verb yang difungsikan sebagai noun. Istilah tenarnya Gerund. Contoh:

Writing a love letter is easy.

Kata writing pada dasarnya adalah kata kerja, namun karena posisinya sebagai subjek, maka kata kerja tersebut sudah berkhianat menjadi nouns.

Demikian dulu Referensi Belajar Bahasa Inggris kali ini, jika ada yang kesulitan bisa bareng-bareng diskusi. Oke broth and sist..

     Most People in the world have facebook account as a media to interact and communicate with each other. created by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004 and is growing so rapidly throughout the world.The application is very easy to use and very fun. we can find old friends or finding new friends there. we can share status and comment on it. we can upload photos as much as we want and play games with friends in another city. we can chat,discussions and more others exciting activity by online.
      facebook has a lot of benefits such as : a place to maintaining relationship with many friends and family. can be a very effective media campaign for our business, it also can be a medium of information that we need like jobs or the latest news, facebook can also be used to study the knowledge that we have never known before. one of the features on this social media is a group, which serves as a forum. You can discuss about anything there.
      As well the benefits, facebook has also some disadvantages such as : a lot of users have become more selfish, they just care more about their virtual environment "virtual world better than the real world", Reduce the time you can be effective, because you can play facebook for hours. school work was ignored and the job is undermined, often lead to affairs and hostility in the relationship because the other person is interfering in facebook.

Reading

Facebook as a fenomena

     Most People in the world have facebook account as a media to interact and communicate with each other. created by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004 and is growing so rapidly throughout the world.The application is very easy to use and very fun. we can find old friends or finding new friends there. we can share status and comment on it. we can upload photos as much as we want and play games with friends in another city. we can chat,discussions and more others exciting activity by online.
      facebook has a lot of benefits such as : a place to maintaining relationship with many friends and family. can be a very effective media campaign for our business, it also can be a medium of information that we need like jobs or the latest news, facebook can also be used to study the knowledge that we have never known before. one of the features on this social media is a group, which serves as a forum. You can discuss about anything there.
      As well the benefits, facebook has also some disadvantages such as : a lot of users have become more selfish, they just care more about their virtual environment "virtual world better than the real world", Reduce the time you can be effective, because you can play facebook for hours. school work was ignored and the job is undermined, often lead to affairs and hostility in the relationship because the other person is interfering in facebook.

Rumus 16 tenses beserta contoh

Sobat enterkey seperti kita ketahui bahwa Tenses adalah bentuk waktu yang biasa kita gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Karena dengan Tenses kita bisa menggunakan kalimat yang sesuai dengan keadaan. Misalnya, keadaan yang biasa kita lakukan, sedang berlangsung,akan kita lakukan ,lampau dan lain-lain.
Pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan untuk suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan dengan kebiasaan, berbeda dengan pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan dalam kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung dan kata kerja di pergunakan untuk perbuatan lampau, itu juga berbeda. Tapi, kita harus ingat Cuma yang beda hanya bentuknya saja. 

Tenses yang dipergunakan dalam bahasa Inggris itu jumlahnya ada 16 waktu, yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan “16 tenses “. Maka lebih jelasnya perhatikan bentuk-bentuk waktu berikut:
1 PRESENT TENSE
2 PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
3 PAST TENSE
4 PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
5 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
6 PAST FUTURE TENSE
7 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
8 PAST PERFECT TENSE
9 FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE
10 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
11 PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
12 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
13 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
14 FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
15 FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSE
16 FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 

Berikut ini adalah contoh-contoh tenses sebagai berikut: 

PRESENT TENSES
*Rumus:
1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O
2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O
3) Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) He writes a letter every month
(-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month
(?) Dors he writes a letter every month?
2. (+) She teaches English every week
(- ) She doesn’t teaches English every week
(?) Does she teaches English every week?
3.(+) They studys matematic every day
(- ) They don’t studys matematic every day
(?) Do they studys matematic every day?
4.(+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(- ) She doesn’t works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday?
5.(+) They go to Jakarta every years
(- ) They don’t go to Jakarta every years
(? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years? 

B.FUNGSI PRESENT TENSES
1. Dilakukan untuk melakukan perbuatan kebiasaan:
Ex:(+) He is works every day
(-) He is not works every day
(?) Is he works every day?
2. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum:
Ex:(+) A week has seven day
(-) A week has not seven day
(?) Has a week seven day? 

C. Time Signal
1. Usually
Ex: I usually get up at 5 o’clock
2. Always
Ex: I always drink milk
3. Often
Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house
4. Generally
Ex: A rectangular has four corner
5. Seldom
Ex: She seldom goes to school by car 

PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif : S+V.ing+O
2. Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI?
2. (+) you are writing present continous now
(-) you are not writing present continous now
(?) are you writing present continous now?
3. (+) we are learning tenses now
(-) we are not learning tenses now
(?) are we learning tenses now?
4. (+) I am going to school now
(-) I am not going to school now
(?) Am I going to school now?
5. (+) Daus and Anis are running now
(-) Daus and Anis are not running now
(?) are Daus and Anis running now? 

B. FUNGSI PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi
Ex: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now
(-) I am not going to Jakarta now
(?) Am I going to Jakarta now?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang bersifat sementara
Ex: (+) Chindy is writing now but he will explain soon
(-) Chindy is not writing now but he will explain soon
(?) Is Chindy writing now but he will explain soon? 

C.TIME SIGNAL
1. Today
Ex : Iam today teaching English
2. Right now
Ex : Rini is working right now
3. When
Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park
4. Now
Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now
5. Still
Ex : He is still angry to me 

PAST TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O
Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O
Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O 

*Example:
1. (+) Sarah invite me last week
(-) Sarah did not invite last week
(?) Did Sarah invite last week?
2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday
(-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday
(?) went I to Jakarta yesterday?
3. (+) You watch tv last week
(-) You did not watch tv last week
(?) Did you watch tv last week?
4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week
(-) I wrote not letter her last week
(?) Wrotw I letter her last week?
5. (+) It rain since at five o’clock
(-) It did not rain since at five o’clock
(?) Did it rain since at five o’clock? 

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dimulai dan kejadian ituberakhir , pada masa yang lampau. Dan sampai sekarang ini , sudah tidak ada hubungannya lagi. Kejadian yang lampau itu, baik dilakukan secara berkali-kali atau sekali.
Ex: (+) I went yesterday
(-) I did not went yesterday
(?) Did I went yesterday? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Year
Ex: I went to Yogjakarta last year
2. Yesterday
Ex: Dini went to my home yesterday
3. Last Week
Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week
4. Ago
Ex: She taught English three days ago
5. Last Saturday
Ex: I went to here last Saturday 

PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o
3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o 

*Examp;e:
1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday
(-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday
(?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday?
2. (+) He was playing football yesterday
(-) He was not playing football yesterday
(?) was he playing football yesterday?
3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday
(-) They were not working in the office yesterday
(?) Were they working in the office yesterday?
4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I come yesterday
(-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday
(?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday?
5. (+) They were studying Biologi at ten O’clock last Friday
(-) They were not studying Biologi at ten o’clock last Friday
(?) were they studying Biologi at temn o’clock last Friday? 

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang sedang berlangsungdalam waktu yang bersamaan di masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain
(-) I was not going to garden when it began to rain
(?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) at three o’clock last week, She was reading
(-) at three o’clock last week,She was not reading
(?) at three o’clock last week,was she reading?
c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu dan berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter
(-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter
(?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Week
Ex: at seven o’clock last week
2. Yesterday
Ex: all day yesterday 

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O
2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning?
2. (+) I shall study hard next mounth
(-) I shall not study hard next mounth
(?) Shall I study hard next mounth?
3. (+) I am go to Singkawang tomorrow
(-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow
(?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow?
4. (+) She will write this lesson next week
(-) She will not write this lesson next week
(?) will She write this lesson next week?
5. (+) I shall go to Medan tomorrow
(-) I shall not go to Medan tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Medan tomorrow? 

B. FUNGSI SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
a. digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan.
Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow
(-) I shall not go to Surakarta tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow?
b. Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan syatu janji.
Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow
(-) I shall not give you book tomorrow
(?) Shall I give you book tomorrow?
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat:
Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams
(-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams
(?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams?
d. Digunakan untuk menyantks\an meminta tolong kepada seseorang.
Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table
(-) You will not help me lift this table
(?) Will you help me lift this table? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Tomorrow
Ex: I shall work tomorrow
2. next week
Ex: I shall teach next week
3. Next Mounth
Ex: He will study in here next mounth 

PAST FUTURE TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day
(-) I should not go to Mojosari next day
(?) Should I go to Mojosari next day?
2. (+) He would by a car the day before
(-) He would not by a car the day before
(?) Would He by a car the day before?
3. (+) He would come if you invited him
(-) He would not come if you invited him
(?) Would he come if you invited him?
4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday
(-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday
(?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday?
5. (+) She would have breakfast before at seven
(-) She would not have breakfast before at seven
(?) Would she have breakfast before at seven? 

B. FUNGSI PAST FUTURE TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau.
Ex: (+) I should go to England last year
(-) I should not go to England last year
(?) Should I go to England last year? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last year
Ex: He would go to Semarang last year
2. Last week
Ex: They would trip a Paris last week
3. Before
Ex: I should by a car the day before
4. Next day
Ex: She should go to Riau next day
5. Invited
Ex: They would come if you invited him 

PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O
2. Negatif (-) : S+have/has+not+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) We have learned English for two years
(-) We have not learned English for two years
(?) Have we learned English for two years?
2. (+) She has taught English since 1988
(-) She has not taught English since 1988
(?) Has she taught English since 1988?
3. (+) He has been to Jakarta before
(-) He has not been to Jakarta before
(?) Has he been to Jakarta before?
4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty minutes
(-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes
(?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes?
5. (+) I have just spoken to him
(-) I have not just spoken to him
(?) Have I just spoken to him? 

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu).
Ex: (+) I have gone to school
(-) I have not gone to school
(?) Have I gone to school?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000
(-) I have not learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000
(?) Have I learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000?
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi.
Ex: (+) I have just read my book
(-) I have not just read my book
(?) Have I just read my book? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Already
Ex: have had breakfast already
2. Three Times
Ex: I have been drink medicine three times a day
3. Finally
Ex: finally, He has started to finally 

PAST PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O
2. Negatif (-): S+had not+V3+o
3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) The train had left before I arrived
(-) The train had not left before I arrived
(?) Had the train left before I arrived?
2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come home
(-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home
(?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home?
3. (+) I had come home before I week three
(-) I had not come home before I week three
(?) Had I come home before I week three?
4. (+) I had written this lesson before he called me
(-) I had not written a lesson before he called me
(?) Had I written a lesson before he called me?
5. (+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
(-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car
(?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car? 

B. FUNGSI PAST PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau.
Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three
(-) I had not come home before I when three
(?) Had I come home before I when three?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here
(-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here
(?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. On
Ex: On sunday morning, I painted my car
2. When
Ex: When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
3. Before
Ex: The train had left before I arrived
4. After
Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice 

FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four?
2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow?
3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening?
4. (+) He will be working at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow?
5. (+) She will going to be school together at seven o’clcok tomorrow
(-) She will not going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Will she going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow? 

B.FUNGSI FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana, yang dilaksanakan mendatang.
Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow
(-) I will not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow
(?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow?
b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada masa mendatang.
Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. At nine a o’clock tomorrow
Ex: I shall be working at nine a o’clock tomorrow morning
2. At this time next year
Ex: at this time next year, Peter will be traveling in Japan 

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+have/has+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O
3. Itrogatif (?): Have/has+S+been+Ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002?
2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003?
3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time
(-) She has not painting every day for a long time
(?) Has she painting every day or along time?
4. (+) It has been raining since at six o’clock
(-) It has not been raining since at six o’clock
(?) Has it been raining since at six o’clock?
5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was a child
(-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child
(?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child? 

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan akan berlangsung sampiai sekarang.
Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000
(-) I have not been studying here since 2000
(?) Have I been studying here since 2000? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Since
Ex: We have been waiting for you since ne o’clock
2. For
Ex: She has been studying English for over five tears
3. This mounth
Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth 

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O
2. Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o 

*Example:
1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her
(-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her
(?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her?
2. (+) I had been playing a football when they came
(-) I had not been playing a football when they came
(?) Had I been playing a football when they came?
3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable when he came
(-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came
(?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came?
4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours
(-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours
(?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours?
5. (+) I had been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
(-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
(?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven o’clock? 

B. FUNGSI PASTPERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama
sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga.
Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet?
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. When
Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been 

FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O
2. negatif (-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out
(-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out
(?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out?
2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get three
(-) The game will not finished by the time he get three
(?) Will the game finished by the time he get three?
3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow?
4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he came
(-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came
(?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came?
5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house
(-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house
(?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu yang lain dimasa mendatang.
Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book
(-) By next week he will not have read this book
(?) Will by next week he have read trhis book?
b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan lain, dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house
(-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house
(?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house? 

C.TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of
Ex: John will have done his work by the end of this week
2. By next
Ex: By next week he will have read this book 

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow?
2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths
(-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths
(?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths?
3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years
(-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years
(?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years?
4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one years
(-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year
(?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year?
5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of this year
Ex: by the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for four year
2. By the end of this month
Ex: By the end of this month, I shall have been working in this office for five years 

FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week
(-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week
(?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week?
2. (+) We should be going to beach the following week
(-) We should not be going to beach the following week
(?) Should we be going to beach the following week?
3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day?
4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon
(-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon
(?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon?
5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year
(-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year
(?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day 

C. TIME SIGNAL
Last week
Ex: At six o’clock last week, I should be buying in this supermarket 

FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+V2+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here
(-) I should not have paif if I had come here
(?) Should I have paif if I had come here?
2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked here
(-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here
(?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here?
3. (+) She would have graduated if she had studied hard
(-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard
(?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard?
4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked here
(-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here
(?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here?
5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come here
(-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here
(?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai bayangan saja.
Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard
(-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard
(?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. If he had studied hard
Ex: They would have graduated if they had studied hard 

FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O
3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O 

*Example:
1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year
(-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year
(?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year?
2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years
(-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year
(?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years?
3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years
(-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years
(?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years?
4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday?
5. (+) The magazine would have been red by Anis
(-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis
(?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By last lebaran I should have been working in that office for five years
(-) By last  lebaran I should not have been working in that office for five years
(?) Should by last  lebaran I have been working in that office for five years? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of this week
Ex: By the ed of this week, I should have come here
2. By the end of this mounth
Ex: By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated studied 

Sumber/Baca Selengkapnya Di : http://enterkey22.blogspot.com/2012/08/rumus-16-tenses-beserta-contoh.html#ixzz2foy2XtDM

Grammar

16 tenses + Rumus + Contoh Kalimat

Rumus 16 tenses beserta contoh

Sobat enterkey seperti kita ketahui bahwa Tenses adalah bentuk waktu yang biasa kita gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Karena dengan Tenses kita bisa menggunakan kalimat yang sesuai dengan keadaan. Misalnya, keadaan yang biasa kita lakukan, sedang berlangsung,akan kita lakukan ,lampau dan lain-lain.
Pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan untuk suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan dengan kebiasaan, berbeda dengan pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan dalam kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung dan kata kerja di pergunakan untuk perbuatan lampau, itu juga berbeda. Tapi, kita harus ingat Cuma yang beda hanya bentuknya saja. 

Tenses yang dipergunakan dalam bahasa Inggris itu jumlahnya ada 16 waktu, yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan “16 tenses “. Maka lebih jelasnya perhatikan bentuk-bentuk waktu berikut:
1 PRESENT TENSE
2 PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
3 PAST TENSE
4 PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
5 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
6 PAST FUTURE TENSE
7 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
8 PAST PERFECT TENSE
9 FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE
10 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
11 PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
12 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
13 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
14 FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
15 FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSE
16 FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 

Berikut ini adalah contoh-contoh tenses sebagai berikut: 

PRESENT TENSES
*Rumus:
1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O
2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O
3) Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) He writes a letter every month
(-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month
(?) Dors he writes a letter every month?
2. (+) She teaches English every week
(- ) She doesn’t teaches English every week
(?) Does she teaches English every week?
3.(+) They studys matematic every day
(- ) They don’t studys matematic every day
(?) Do they studys matematic every day?
4.(+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(- ) She doesn’t works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday?
5.(+) They go to Jakarta every years
(- ) They don’t go to Jakarta every years
(? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years? 

B.FUNGSI PRESENT TENSES
1. Dilakukan untuk melakukan perbuatan kebiasaan:
Ex:(+) He is works every day
(-) He is not works every day
(?) Is he works every day?
2. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum:
Ex:(+) A week has seven day
(-) A week has not seven day
(?) Has a week seven day? 

C. Time Signal
1. Usually
Ex: I usually get up at 5 o’clock
2. Always
Ex: I always drink milk
3. Often
Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house
4. Generally
Ex: A rectangular has four corner
5. Seldom
Ex: She seldom goes to school by car 

PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif : S+V.ing+O
2. Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI?
2. (+) you are writing present continous now
(-) you are not writing present continous now
(?) are you writing present continous now?
3. (+) we are learning tenses now
(-) we are not learning tenses now
(?) are we learning tenses now?
4. (+) I am going to school now
(-) I am not going to school now
(?) Am I going to school now?
5. (+) Daus and Anis are running now
(-) Daus and Anis are not running now
(?) are Daus and Anis running now? 

B. FUNGSI PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi
Ex: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now
(-) I am not going to Jakarta now
(?) Am I going to Jakarta now?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang bersifat sementara
Ex: (+) Chindy is writing now but he will explain soon
(-) Chindy is not writing now but he will explain soon
(?) Is Chindy writing now but he will explain soon? 

C.TIME SIGNAL
1. Today
Ex : Iam today teaching English
2. Right now
Ex : Rini is working right now
3. When
Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park
4. Now
Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now
5. Still
Ex : He is still angry to me 

PAST TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O
Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O
Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O 

*Example:
1. (+) Sarah invite me last week
(-) Sarah did not invite last week
(?) Did Sarah invite last week?
2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday
(-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday
(?) went I to Jakarta yesterday?
3. (+) You watch tv last week
(-) You did not watch tv last week
(?) Did you watch tv last week?
4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week
(-) I wrote not letter her last week
(?) Wrotw I letter her last week?
5. (+) It rain since at five o’clock
(-) It did not rain since at five o’clock
(?) Did it rain since at five o’clock? 

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dimulai dan kejadian ituberakhir , pada masa yang lampau. Dan sampai sekarang ini , sudah tidak ada hubungannya lagi. Kejadian yang lampau itu, baik dilakukan secara berkali-kali atau sekali.
Ex: (+) I went yesterday
(-) I did not went yesterday
(?) Did I went yesterday? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Year
Ex: I went to Yogjakarta last year
2. Yesterday
Ex: Dini went to my home yesterday
3. Last Week
Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week
4. Ago
Ex: She taught English three days ago
5. Last Saturday
Ex: I went to here last Saturday 

PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o
3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o 

*Examp;e:
1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday
(-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday
(?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday?
2. (+) He was playing football yesterday
(-) He was not playing football yesterday
(?) was he playing football yesterday?
3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday
(-) They were not working in the office yesterday
(?) Were they working in the office yesterday?
4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I come yesterday
(-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday
(?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday?
5. (+) They were studying Biologi at ten O’clock last Friday
(-) They were not studying Biologi at ten o’clock last Friday
(?) were they studying Biologi at temn o’clock last Friday? 

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang sedang berlangsungdalam waktu yang bersamaan di masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain
(-) I was not going to garden when it began to rain
(?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) at three o’clock last week, She was reading
(-) at three o’clock last week,She was not reading
(?) at three o’clock last week,was she reading?
c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu dan berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter
(-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter
(?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Week
Ex: at seven o’clock last week
2. Yesterday
Ex: all day yesterday 

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O
2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning?
2. (+) I shall study hard next mounth
(-) I shall not study hard next mounth
(?) Shall I study hard next mounth?
3. (+) I am go to Singkawang tomorrow
(-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow
(?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow?
4. (+) She will write this lesson next week
(-) She will not write this lesson next week
(?) will She write this lesson next week?
5. (+) I shall go to Medan tomorrow
(-) I shall not go to Medan tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Medan tomorrow? 

B. FUNGSI SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
a. digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan.
Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow
(-) I shall not go to Surakarta tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow?
b. Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan syatu janji.
Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow
(-) I shall not give you book tomorrow
(?) Shall I give you book tomorrow?
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat:
Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams
(-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams
(?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams?
d. Digunakan untuk menyantks\an meminta tolong kepada seseorang.
Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table
(-) You will not help me lift this table
(?) Will you help me lift this table? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Tomorrow
Ex: I shall work tomorrow
2. next week
Ex: I shall teach next week
3. Next Mounth
Ex: He will study in here next mounth 

PAST FUTURE TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day
(-) I should not go to Mojosari next day
(?) Should I go to Mojosari next day?
2. (+) He would by a car the day before
(-) He would not by a car the day before
(?) Would He by a car the day before?
3. (+) He would come if you invited him
(-) He would not come if you invited him
(?) Would he come if you invited him?
4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday
(-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday
(?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday?
5. (+) She would have breakfast before at seven
(-) She would not have breakfast before at seven
(?) Would she have breakfast before at seven? 

B. FUNGSI PAST FUTURE TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau.
Ex: (+) I should go to England last year
(-) I should not go to England last year
(?) Should I go to England last year? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last year
Ex: He would go to Semarang last year
2. Last week
Ex: They would trip a Paris last week
3. Before
Ex: I should by a car the day before
4. Next day
Ex: She should go to Riau next day
5. Invited
Ex: They would come if you invited him 

PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O
2. Negatif (-) : S+have/has+not+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) We have learned English for two years
(-) We have not learned English for two years
(?) Have we learned English for two years?
2. (+) She has taught English since 1988
(-) She has not taught English since 1988
(?) Has she taught English since 1988?
3. (+) He has been to Jakarta before
(-) He has not been to Jakarta before
(?) Has he been to Jakarta before?
4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty minutes
(-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes
(?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes?
5. (+) I have just spoken to him
(-) I have not just spoken to him
(?) Have I just spoken to him? 

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu).
Ex: (+) I have gone to school
(-) I have not gone to school
(?) Have I gone to school?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000
(-) I have not learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000
(?) Have I learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000?
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi.
Ex: (+) I have just read my book
(-) I have not just read my book
(?) Have I just read my book? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Already
Ex: have had breakfast already
2. Three Times
Ex: I have been drink medicine three times a day
3. Finally
Ex: finally, He has started to finally 

PAST PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O
2. Negatif (-): S+had not+V3+o
3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) The train had left before I arrived
(-) The train had not left before I arrived
(?) Had the train left before I arrived?
2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come home
(-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home
(?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home?
3. (+) I had come home before I week three
(-) I had not come home before I week three
(?) Had I come home before I week three?
4. (+) I had written this lesson before he called me
(-) I had not written a lesson before he called me
(?) Had I written a lesson before he called me?
5. (+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
(-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car
(?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car? 

B. FUNGSI PAST PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau.
Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three
(-) I had not come home before I when three
(?) Had I come home before I when three?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here
(-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here
(?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. On
Ex: On sunday morning, I painted my car
2. When
Ex: When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
3. Before
Ex: The train had left before I arrived
4. After
Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice 

FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four?
2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow?
3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening?
4. (+) He will be working at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow?
5. (+) She will going to be school together at seven o’clcok tomorrow
(-) She will not going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Will she going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow? 

B.FUNGSI FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana, yang dilaksanakan mendatang.
Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow
(-) I will not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow
(?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow?
b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada masa mendatang.
Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. At nine a o’clock tomorrow
Ex: I shall be working at nine a o’clock tomorrow morning
2. At this time next year
Ex: at this time next year, Peter will be traveling in Japan 

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+have/has+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O
3. Itrogatif (?): Have/has+S+been+Ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002?
2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003?
3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time
(-) She has not painting every day for a long time
(?) Has she painting every day or along time?
4. (+) It has been raining since at six o’clock
(-) It has not been raining since at six o’clock
(?) Has it been raining since at six o’clock?
5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was a child
(-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child
(?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child? 

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan akan berlangsung sampiai sekarang.
Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000
(-) I have not been studying here since 2000
(?) Have I been studying here since 2000? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Since
Ex: We have been waiting for you since ne o’clock
2. For
Ex: She has been studying English for over five tears
3. This mounth
Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth 

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O
2. Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o 

*Example:
1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her
(-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her
(?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her?
2. (+) I had been playing a football when they came
(-) I had not been playing a football when they came
(?) Had I been playing a football when they came?
3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable when he came
(-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came
(?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came?
4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours
(-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours
(?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours?
5. (+) I had been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
(-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
(?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven o’clock? 

B. FUNGSI PASTPERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama
sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga.
Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet?
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. When
Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been 

FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O
2. negatif (-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out
(-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out
(?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out?
2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get three
(-) The game will not finished by the time he get three
(?) Will the game finished by the time he get three?
3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow?
4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he came
(-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came
(?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came?
5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house
(-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house
(?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu yang lain dimasa mendatang.
Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book
(-) By next week he will not have read this book
(?) Will by next week he have read trhis book?
b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan lain, dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house
(-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house
(?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house? 

C.TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of
Ex: John will have done his work by the end of this week
2. By next
Ex: By next week he will have read this book 

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow?
2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths
(-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths
(?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths?
3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years
(-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years
(?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years?
4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one years
(-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year
(?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year?
5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of this year
Ex: by the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for four year
2. By the end of this month
Ex: By the end of this month, I shall have been working in this office for five years 

FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week
(-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week
(?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week?
2. (+) We should be going to beach the following week
(-) We should not be going to beach the following week
(?) Should we be going to beach the following week?
3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day?
4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon
(-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon
(?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon?
5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year
(-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year
(?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day 

C. TIME SIGNAL
Last week
Ex: At six o’clock last week, I should be buying in this supermarket 

FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+V2+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here
(-) I should not have paif if I had come here
(?) Should I have paif if I had come here?
2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked here
(-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here
(?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here?
3. (+) She would have graduated if she had studied hard
(-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard
(?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard?
4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked here
(-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here
(?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here?
5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come here
(-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here
(?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai bayangan saja.
Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard
(-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard
(?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. If he had studied hard
Ex: They would have graduated if they had studied hard 

FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O
3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O 

*Example:
1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year
(-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year
(?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year?
2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years
(-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year
(?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years?
3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years
(-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years
(?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years?
4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday?
5. (+) The magazine would have been red by Anis
(-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis
(?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis? 

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By last lebaran I should have been working in that office for five years
(-) By last  lebaran I should not have been working in that office for five years
(?) Should by last  lebaran I have been working in that office for five years? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of this week
Ex: By the ed of this week, I should have come here
2. By the end of this mounth
Ex: By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated studied 

Sumber/Baca Selengkapnya Di : http://enterkey22.blogspot.com/2012/08/rumus-16-tenses-beserta-contoh.html#ixzz2foy2XtDM